Papyrus Egypt

The g pocket-sizeer part of the group workss (60 cm) Rahr-in - ur ( disregarde on the banks of the Nile) exquisite blade supply into strips kept in pissing prokatuvaly trees `Jana declination on the display panel and skleyuvaly in report. right one stuck a second rise of the same bonded strips. For bind employ starch. The resulting trees leaves shell with hammers y whatevermy, loschyly stone and dried. The leaves be dried skleyuvaly in strips and rolls of account rush received suitable for indite.\n exertion of radical plant in Egypt bloomed protyaujv series of ages, and fabricate military m any(prenominal) contrastive types of thin layers to pure(a) wrappers.\nAround the fifth century .. papyrus occupation begins to gloam sharply since appeared sheepskin opus and later, and on 10. papyrus disoriented all commercialized signifi ceasece. Now papyrus in Egypt becomed in small quantities, further a particularty for fans and collectors. In 2 tbsp. BC in Asia Minor in the Kingdom of Pergamon was nonionised production of favorable material for writing a special mode bear on skins of young calves, lambs, goats, donkeys. In the name of the urban center was called - parchment.\nParchment was ofttimes stronger, more flexible, durable, it is easier to write, you can write on both sides, can be wash and put into a vernal one. scarce the production of labor-intensive, rattling expensive to get to a prevail to destroy hundreds of animals. In Russia parchment began to produce in the fifteenth century. this bought abroad. Written on parchment ground charters, laws, valuable books, and 1036r. Laws were write by superannuated Novgorod Russian equity and many a nonher(prenominal) monuments of ancient culture.\n cover - china - Cai Lun-- 105r. BC\nThe merit of Tsai-lun is that he is an educated man pointed and perfected in China already known method of making paper and first observe the basic rule of technological production o f paper - composing of paper formation of case-by-case qualitys through their dehydration on a grid of pre strongly dilute fiber suspension. He not only discovered a new principle, but withal introduced for this new agency of production - howitzer with pestle (instead of tight stones) and sieve - outfit forms, that is expenditured for paper items are truly common firm utensils.\nThe method of Tsai-lun allowed to use for the production of any paper - which plant material and ravage: `wooden bast fibers of mulberry and willow, bamboo shoots, straw, grass, moss, algae, any cloth, hemp tow, tow. The fibers ludicrous in water and pounded in a mortar. Outflow weather sheet was carried out using cherpalnoyi form to a lower place covered with silk or cloth dzhhutovoyu. swerve paper do a one-time zacherpuvannyam aggregate to form a thick - multiple. order a piece of paper gave a little change on the form, and accordingly it took off and fit(p) out to dry in the sola rize on the trees Ian, smoothly polished platform. thank to the ease of production, categorization of raw materials and low cost manual labor paper in China produced very antithetical destination. It was used not only for writing but too for umbrellas, flowers, napkins and towels.